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How do you diagnose MCMC convergence?

hard

Answer

  • (1) R̂ (Gelman-Rubin) < 1.01 across multiple chains → chains agree.
  • (2) ESS (effective sample size) ≥ 400 per parameter.
  • (3) Trace plots: should look like fuzzy caterpillars, no drift or stickiness.
  • (4) Autocorrelation plots decay quickly.
  • (5) Divergences in NUTS: indicate hard posterior geometry — reparameterize (non-centered) or increase adaptδ\mathrm{adapt}_{\delta}.
  • Never trust a single chain's samples without these checks.
Check yourself — multiple choice
  • Never check
  • R̂ < 1.01, ESS ≥ 400, trace plots caterpillar, quick autocorr decay, zero NUTS divergences; else reparameterize / longer runs
  • Only ESS
  • Random

MCMC diagnostics: R̂ / ESS / traces / autocorr / divergences.

#bayesian#mcmc

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