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Monte Carlo methods in RL — when to use?

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Answer

  • Estimate V_π(s) or Q_π(s, a) via sample-average returns from full episodes.
  • Unbiased (no bootstrap error), but only usable in episodic tasks + high variance.
  • Every-visit MC: average over every visit to s in an episode.
  • First-visit MC: only first occurrence.
  • Rare in modern deep RL (TD methods better for long / continuous tasks) but foundation of return-conditioned methods and offline RL (Decision Transformer).
Check yourself — multiple choice
  • Random
  • Sample-avg returns from full episodes → unbiased, no bootstrap error, but only episodic + high variance; every-visit / first-visit variants; foundation of return-conditioned methods
  • Same as TD
  • Not real

MC: sample returns; unbiased, high var, episodic; every/first-visit variants.

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